
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a condition characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure due to prolonged exposure to a hypoxic environment. It is prevalent among individuals residing at high altitudes and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [1]. Pulmonary vascular remodeling...

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and life-threatening condition characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular remodeling, ultimately leading to right heart failure and premature death. Among its various classifications, PH secondary to hypoxic lung diseases, such as chronic...

Due to the anatomical and functional characteristics of the spleen, variable short- and long- term complications may occur after splenectomy. Vascular complications after splenectomy, including PH, have been reported [1, 2–3]. PH is a physiopathologic disorder that involves multiple clinical conditions...

PAH is widely recognized as a vascular lesion caused by structural changes driven by excessive proliferative growth in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and inflammatory responses. According to incomplete statistics, up to 100 million people worldwide are strongly affected by...

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a common ageing phenomenon [1, 2–3], and is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events, cognitive decline [4, 5, 6–7], and dementia [8, 9, 10–11]. Increased blood pressure is associated with cSVD development, with neuroimaging...