Childhood trauma refers to adverse life events experienced during childhood, including various types of abuse or neglect, and severe family dysfunction [1]. Despite global variations in the incidence rate of childhood trauma, its prevalence remains a significant concern across populations. Approximately...
The number of patients with chronic diseases is increasing worldwide due to factors that can include sedentary lifestyle, nutrition, and inappropriate environmental conditions [1, 2]. A total of 41 million people die every year due to some type of chronic disease, which is 74% of all deaths worldwide...
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviours (compulsions) that are experienced as unwanted [1] and commonly seen in children and adolescents with an estimated prevalence of 1% to 3% [2]. Furthermore, it demonstrates...
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition causing lower back pain, stiffness, and fatigue, potentially leading to disability and impacting daily function and health. It primarily affects young males under 30 in China [1]. Moreover, the recurrent nature and prolonged course of the...
Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders worldwide, leading to significant personal suffering, reduced quality of life, and increased health care utilization [1, 2–3]. It is estimated that globally approximately 10–20% of middle-aged or older individuals experience...