Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine with unknown etiology. However, some reports have described UC cases accompanied by upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract inflammation. UC-associated upper GI lesions are characterized by diffuse inflammatory lesions in the...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract affecting 4.9 million people worldwide [1]. The past few decades have seen a rising global burden of IBD, characterized by sharp increases in...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, recurrent condition posing a significant public health challenge [1]. Its diagnosis and management remain complex due to the largely unknown etiology, necessitating further exploration of disease mechanisms and precision therapies [2, 3]. IBD arises from...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract [1, 2]. It results from a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and alterations in the microbiome, leading...
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are two main types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by chronic remitting/relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. UC affects the submucosal and mucosal layers of the colon and rectum [1], whereas CD can affect any region...