
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis, is a rare but potentially life-threatening autoimmune vasculitis classified under antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAVs) [1]. It mostly affects small to medium sized vessels and...

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a condition in which the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the oesophagus results in symptoms and/or complications [1]. It is prevalent worldwide, with one meta-analysis reporting a pooled global prevalence of 13.3%, although with striking variations...

Gastrointestinal tumors rank among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, accounting for approximately 15% of all cancer cases and contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality [1]. The incidence and mortality of these diseases are particularly elevated in developed nations, imposing substantial...

Obesity is a complex global health problem that demands comprehensive research across all dimensions, including its molecular basis [1]. The complex interaction between gastrointestinal peptides, cytokines, adipokines, and the intestinal microbiota offers a promising area for discovering the fundamental...

Squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx (HPSCC) usually presents at an advanced stage and generally has a poor prognosis. The reasons for this poor prognosis include late presentations, submucosal spreading and early lymphatic/distant metastasis [1]. Surgery with postoperative radiation or chemoradiation...