
Sarcopenia is defined as a condition characterized by decrease in skeletal muscle mass and decline in muscle strength that occurs as one ages [1]. It is a progressive and systemic muscle disease that leads to accelerated muscle loss and a subsequent decrease in physical function [2, 3]. Sarcopenia is...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and chronic joint disease that leads to structural alterations in joint tissues, primarily damaging the articular cartilage and causing clinical symptoms such as pain, swelling, and stiffness around the joints [1, 2]. The knee joint, the largest synovial joint in...

Symptomatic tears of the rotator cuff remain a prevalent condition [1] and arthroscopic surgical repair is undertaken with increasing annual incidence [2]. A high risk of subsequent retear and revision arthroscopic repair persist despite advances in materials and techniques. In anchor techniques used...

Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) are applied with good long-term results, particularly in cases of primary shoulder osteoarthritis [1]. An overall increase in shoulder arthroplasty has occurred over the last few decades [2]. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is successfully...

Degenerative elbow stiffness refers to the limitation of elbow extension > 30° or limitation of flexion < 120°, with or without limitation of rotation [1]. The clinical symptoms include severe limitation of elbow flexion and extension, and motion arc end-point...