Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common lesions in humans, which are found in 15-20% of cadavers or radiologic findings and constitute approximately 10% of all intracranial tumors [1, 2]. PAs are usually classified into nonfunctioning adenomas and functional adenomas based on their ability to secrete hormones....
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a group of neoplasms often originating from the neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and respiratory tract from the tracheobronchial system. NENs arise from the endocrine cells derived from the neuroectoderm, neural crest, and endoderm [1,...
Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs), which originate from neuroendocrine cells in the deep mucosal layer and were referred to as benign carcinoid tumors [1], are now classified as neuroendocrine neoplasms with metastatic potential [2, 3–4]. Consequently, GI-NETs detected by endoscopic...
Pituitary adenoma (PA), a common tumor of the sellar region, is characterized by ischemia and hypoxia due to high proliferation and hypermetabolism, which can lead to changes of hemorrhage, necrosis, or cystic degeneration [1]. PA is frequently characterized by ischemia and hypoxia, and cystic transformation...
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells of the endocrine system [1]. These neoplasms present a rising incidence all over the world, but the standard therapeutic strategies remained unchanged in the past decade, despite the rising...