
Migraine is a prevalent, disabling neurological disorder with prominent sensory and neurovascular features that substantially impairs quality of life and societal productivity [1, 2]. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, migraine affects approximately 1 billion people worldwide [3], with...

Migraine is characterised by recurrent moderate-to-severe headaches, affecting 1 billion people globally and ranks as the second leading cause of disability [1, 2]. In addition to medications, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as...

Migraine affects more than one billion people worldwide and imposes a substantial burden on individuals’ daily functioning and quality of life [1, 2]. Migraine ranks as the second leading cause of disability worldwide, particularly among individuals of working age, thereby contributing to a significant...

Migraine is one of the most prevalent and disabling neurological disorders worldwide, affecting approximately 17.9% of women and 10.6% of men [1]. It ranks among the top five causes of years lived with disability (YLDs) globally, with a particularly high burden during the most productive years of life...