
There are approximately 14.8 million people who inject drugs (PWID) worldwide, with an estimated 38.8% (or 5.8 million) living with hepatitis C (HCV), 15.2% (or 2.3 million) living with HIV, and 8.4% (or 1.2 million) living with hepatitis B (HBV) [1]. Between 2010 and 2022, annual new HIV infections...

As the COVID-19 pandemic transitions into its fourth year, understanding the dynamics of immunity is critical for implementing effective public health measures. This study examines vaccine-induced, natural, and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong, focusing on their protective effectiveness and...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was first recognized as a fatal disease in the 1980s. However, improvements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have transformed HIV infection into a manageable chronic condition, leading to an improvement in life expectancy [1]. Globally, cohort studies from...

Abacavir (ABC), a guanosine analogue that inhibits reverse transcriptase, is presently used as a first-line treatment for children living with HIV (CLHIV) with a haemoglobin level below 9 g/dl by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) in India and it is also suggested as an alternative initial...