Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cancers with rising prevalence, high mortality and poor clinical outcome all over the world [1, 2]. Microvascular invasion (MVI), which refers to the presence of clusters of cancer cells in blood vessels with endothelial cell linings, commonly most...
It is estimated that 16% of the general population have pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) [1]. The majority of PCLs represent branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), which are precursors of pancreatic cancer [2]. Surgical resection is often indicated for IPMNs with high-grade dysplasia/adenocarcinoma...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant disease with a 5-year survival rate of <12%. It is projected to become the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030 [1, 2]. Ki-67 is a marker to distinguish between proliferating and non-proliferating cells [3]. A high Ki-67...
Currently, liver cancer ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally [1, 2–3]. The incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer have shown a concerning growth, with a 27% increase in incident cases and a 25% rise in mortality rates between 2010 and 2019 [4]. Traditionally,...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer globally and ranks third in terms of cancer-related deaths [1]. Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) targeting programmed death ligand 1 (PD-(L)1) inhibitors, in conjunction with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or vascular endothelial growth...