Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide and is a heterogeneous disease comprising intrinsic molecular subtypes associated with varying biological behaviors, treatment strategies, and prognosis [1]. St. Gallen guidelines classify it into four molecular subtypes: Luminal...
Periampullary carcinomas encompass four main types: ampullary cancer, distal cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic head cancer, and duodenal cancer [1]. Pancreatoduodenectomy is typically performed for both pancreatic cancer and non-pancreatic periampullary cancers (i.e. distal cholangiocarcinoma, ampullary...
By 2023, Bladder Caner (BCa) is the fourth most common cancer in men, accounting for 6% of estimated new cancers and 4% of cancer-related deaths. Globally, more than 500,000 new diagnoses and approximately 200,000 deaths are reported annually [1, 2]. At the time of initial diagnosis, 70–75% of...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is recognized as a highly aggressive and deadly form of cancer, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 13% [1]. Current epidemiological trends indicate that PDAC will become the second most common cause of cancer-related death within the next decade [2]....
Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide [1] with rectal cancer accounting for approximately one-third of these cases. Radiotherapy is a crucial treatment modality for the majority of patients diagnosed with rectal cancer, which can significantly improve local-regional control (LRC)...