
In this study, the main focus is on Computed Tomography (CT) scans, classification, liver tumors, multilayer perceptron (MLP), and optimized multi-features. These keywords highlight the central aspects of the research and guide readers toward the methodological and clinical relevance of the work. Liver...

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the sixth most common female malignancy, demonstrating significant geographical variations in survival outcomes due to disparities in early detection and treatment access [1, 2]. Traditional imaging remains the primary approach for ovarian tumor detection [3]; however, its effectiveness...

Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) represents a clinically significant disease entity marked by substantial primary tumor burden or regional lymph node metastasis in the absence of distant dissemination [1]. The adoption of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has reshaped the treatment landscape for LABC, particularly...

Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most common malignancy worldwide. According to statistics from the world health organization in 2020, there were approximately 2.3 million newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients globally, with around 690,000 deaths [1]. In breast cancer patients,...

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, with its incidence rising steadily in recent years [1, 2–3]. As a biologically heterogeneous disease, BC is classified into distinct molecular subtypes, each with...