
The STRIDE II guidelines recognize endoscopic healing (EH), defined by an SES-CD score ≤ 2, as one of the main therapeutic targets in Crohn's disease (CD). Nevertheless, complete EH could further reduce the risk of long-term complications in CD. We aimed to assess the risk of long-term complications...

Gastric varices (GV) are intricate networks of vascular shunts that connect the portosplenic venous system with the systemic veins of the abdomen and thorax and dilated submucosal veins in the stomach, which form as a compensatory mechanism to portal hypertension [1]. GVs are reported in 5%–33%...

Distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA), a malignant tumor of the middle to lower bile duct, is relatively rare but poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) is the standard curative approach [1, 2]. However, this surgery’s complexity—involving...

The common bile duct (CBD) stone leads to biliary obstruction, which in turn causes cholestasis and bacterial retrograde infection. This is the most common cause of acute cholangitis (AC) [1]. AC is a life-threatening medical emergency. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of AC are associated with high mortality....