Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures globally, and the literature indicates the increase in the frequency of this operation [1]. Consequently, the rising rates of CS are correlated with an increase in the number of patients with a previous CS. In these patients,...
Obstetric fistulas are a common adverse outcome of prolonged obstructed labor in resource-limited settings, including sub-Saharan Africa [1, 2–3]. An obstetric fistula injury occurs during prolonged obstructed labor when the fetal head compresses the birth canal tissues, bladder base, urethra,...
Obstetric vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) is a known complication that can occur following damage to the bladder wall during prolonged obstructed labor and operative delivery [1, 2]. In 2003, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and partners launched the global campaign to end obstetric fistula; a...
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is an obstetric condition caused by abnormal adhesion of the placenta to the uterine wall, posing a significant risk to maternal health. If the damaged endometrium doesn’t get reepithelialized, trophoblasts can move deep into the myometrium and even into organs nearby....