
Knee fast spin echo based magnetic resonance imaging (FSE-MRI) is widely used to evaluate the structural injuries in meniscus, ligament and cartilage due to good tissue contrast and high spatial resolution [1, 2]. A routine knee FSE-based imaging protocol takes approximately 7–10 min on 3.0T MR...

Bone tumors are complex histological types with aggressive malignancies and high metastatic rates, making accurate differentiation between benign and malignant lesions crucial for treatment decisions [1]. The current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend imaging modalities,...

Advancements in deep learning (DL) have revolutionized medical image analysis, particularly in automating and enhancing the precision of diagnostic tasks [1]. Among these, the segmentation of pelvic and hip structures stands out as both critically important and technically challenging [2, 3–4]....

The Mirels score is a prediction system proposed by Mirels in 1989 to evaluate the risk of pathological fracture of long bone metastasis within six months and comprises four factors: pain, (anatomical) site, size, and lesion (radiographic appearance). Each factor is rated from one to three points, and...

The parathyroid tumor secretes excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone, leading to hypercalcemia and associated complications such as osteoporosis, bone fractures, and brown tumors [1]. Brown tumors are rare skeletal lesions characterized by their distinctive brown color, which results from increased...