
Mood disorders are a major global cause of disability, morbidity, and mortality [1]. Among them, major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are the most prevalent, characterized by emotional and cognitive impairments that substantially limit daily functioning and reduce quality of life...

This preliminary study aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA) signatures associated with bipolar disorder (BD) by profiling blood-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) of both putative neuronal origin and from all sources. In two parallel studies of individuals with BD and controls (CON), we characterized...

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by manic or hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes, with the latter being a typical feature. According to the WHO’s Mental Health Survey, BD has a global prevalence of 2.4%[1], making it one of the leading causes of disability...

Bipolar II disorder (BD II) is a chronic and severe psychiatric condition characterized by recurrent major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes. A nationwide epidemiological study [1] reported a lifetime prevalence of 0.09% for bipolar I disorder and 0.04% for bipolar II disorder...