
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of death for women worldwide, with the number of incidences rising [1]. Approximately 30% of women go on to develop metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with a 5-year survival rate of 28% [2]. Intratumor heterogeneity presents the biggest therapeutic challenge,...

Obesity has become a global pandemic With the World Obesity Atlas 2024 projecting that over 54% of the world's adult population will be overweight or obese by 2035 based on BMI criteria [1]. Once prevalent mainly in developed nations, this metabolic disorder is now increasingly widespread in developing...

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, enabling tumor cells to adapt to microenvironmental challenges, sustain proliferation, evade immune surveillance, and develop therapeutic resistance [1]. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of lipid metabolism in cancer progression, where tumor...

Recent research indicates that the risks of primary breast cancer (PBC) and ovarian cancer (OC) in BRCA1 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers may vary depending on the specific mutation`s location within the gene. However, current evidence remains insufficient to modify clinical decisions regarding...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is characterized by the expression of estrogen receptor (ER-), progesterone receptor (PR-), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2-), is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Although it accounts for 15–20% of all breast cancer patients,...