
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the fifth most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide1. Although the prognosis of GC patients is gradually improving, more than half of patients remain suffering recurrence, even after curative resection2,3. Reliable preoperative assessment...

Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most frequently diagnosed malignancy globally, with approximately 30–35% of cases originating in the rectum [1]. Owing to its exceptional soft tissue resolution and capacity to capture both anatomical and functional details, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

Gastric cancer remains a significant global health burden, ranking as the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Recent estimates indicate approximately 970,000 new cases and 660,000 deaths annually as of 2022 [1]. Nations with advanced healthcare...

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide [1]. In most Western countries, curative treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer includes perioperative chemotherapy and gastrectomy [2, 3, 4–5]. Despite this multimodal approach, the prognosis remains poor, with...