
Over the past two decades, HER2-targeted therapy has dramatically improved outcomes in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer [1, 2–3]. Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy was the initial backbone, and the landmark phase III CLEOPATRA trial established that adding pertuzumab to first-line trastuzumab...

Accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer using MRI remains challenging due to variable imaging presentations and differences in reader experience [1, 2]. Radiologists often struggle to maintain interpretation consistency, leading to substantial interobserver variability and suboptimal specificity in lesion...

The increased use of CT for lung cancer screening has significantly raised awareness of pure ground-glass opacity (pGGO) lesions. GGOs pose diagnostic challenges, ranging from benign findings to invasive adenocarcinomas. We aim to evaluate the incidence of pGGOs identified on CT at a tertiary UK lung...

Thoracic splenosis is a rare, acquired anomaly in which splenic cells are autotransplanted into the thoracic cavity after thoracoabdominal trauma or surgery. Overall, splenosis is relatively common, occurring in approximately 58% to 65% of patients after splenic trauma. In these cases, the splenic tissue...

Breast cancer(BC) is the most common and malignant tumor in women worldwide [1]. Accurate risk stratification and timely treatment are essential for improving prognosis. The routinely used immunohistochemistry (IHC) includes Progesterone Receptor(PR), Estrogen Receptor(ER), Human Epidermal Growth Factor...