
The increased use of CT for lung cancer screening has significantly raised awareness of pure ground-glass opacity (pGGO) lesions. GGOs pose diagnostic challenges, ranging from benign findings to invasive adenocarcinomas. We aim to evaluate the incidence of pGGOs identified on CT at a tertiary UK lung...

Thoracic splenosis is a rare, acquired anomaly in which splenic cells are autotransplanted into the thoracic cavity after thoracoabdominal trauma or surgery. Overall, splenosis is relatively common, occurring in approximately 58% to 65% of patients after splenic trauma. In these cases, the splenic tissue...

Breast cancer(BC) is the most common and malignant tumor in women worldwide [1]. Accurate risk stratification and timely treatment are essential for improving prognosis. The routinely used immunohistochemistry (IHC) includes Progesterone Receptor(PR), Estrogen Receptor(ER), Human Epidermal Growth Factor...

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women and accounts for the second leading cause of female cancer mortality [1]. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is used to shrink lesions, facilitate surgery, and improve patient prognosis in locally advanced or large breast cancers [2, 3–4]....

Prostate cancer has become the second most common malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among men globally, with nearly 1.4 million new cases and 375,000 deaths annually [1]. In Western countries, the incidence of prostate cancer is higher due to early screening using prostate-specific...