Hypertension is a chronic multifactorial cardiovascular disorder involving the vascular, kidney, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems [1, 2]. In recent years, with the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and obesity, the incidence of pediatric primary hypertension (PH) has increased gradually,...
Accelerated demographic aging poses a pressing challenge to public health systems globally, given its established role as a primary etiological contributor to the pathogenesis of prevalent noncommunicable conditions [1, 2]. Therefore, preventive strategies and interventions aimed at facilitating healthy...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic digestive disorder of multifactorial origin, characterized by persistent inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract [1]. It has been calculated that approximately six million patients have IBD worldwide. Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are...
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a rapid increase in serum creatinine and/or a decrease in urine output. Approximately 10–15% of hospitalized patients and more than 50% of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) may have AKI, which is a common comorbid syndrome in patients with heart...