Urothelial carcinoma (UC), also known as transitional cell carcinoma, accounts for all tumors that originate from the urothelium, and most of these tumors occur in the bladder [1]. Bladder cancer is the 12th most common type of cancer worldwide, with an estimated 573,278 new cases and 212,536 deaths...
Perioperative hypothermia occurs when the central body temperature (CBT) falls below 36℃ [1] during and after surgery. It is a common complication of surgery and has various causes. Research indicates that patients receiving general anaesthesia have a high incidence of hypothermia, 50%–70%...
Urinary lithiasis is a prevalent illness progressively encountered in roughly 1 out of every ten persons worldwide with a high risk of recurrence [1, 2, 3–4]. Even though kidney stones are not life-threatening, they have been associated with a high risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, end-stage...
Detrusor underactivity (DU) has recently gained attention as a significant phenomenon among patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, despite its growing recognition, the medical condition still lacks a standardized definition and universally accepted diagnostic criteria [1]. The International...
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), recognized as a highly aggressive malignant tumor, primarily occurs in the renal pelvis and ureter. Although UTUC has a low incidence, it is no longer considered a “rare” tumor with the publication of relevant clinical guidelines. It is defined as...