
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system, primarily arising in the bladder (accounting for approximately 90% of cases), ureters, and renal pelvis. Globally, UC is associated with a high incidence and mortality rate, with a significantly higher prevalence...

Neisseria meningitidis, a Gram-negative coccus commonly colonizing the nasopharynx of humans, is a well-known cause of severe invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), primarily manifests as meningococcal sepsis and meningitis [1]. The incidence of IMD was low worldwide, but it varied significantly...

While the overall incidence of sepsis has declined, there has been a notable rise in severe urinary tract infections and urosepsis [1], with correspondingly poor outcomes and complex management requirements [2], including intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV). In patients receiving MV, the timing...

Urolithiasis represents a significant global health burden, affecting approximately 10% of the population worldwide with recurrence rates reaching 50% within 5 years after the initial episode [1]. This high recurrence rate substantially decreases patients’ quality of life and imposes considerable...