Migraine is a common neurological disorder that impacts approximately 12% of the general population and is more common in females than males [48]. It is characterized by unilateral moderate to severe headaches, nausea, mood changes, and fatigue [45]. Migraineurs experience enhanced perception and altered...
Advanced intervertebral disc degeneration is demonstrated on multiple imaging modalities, each with their own niche, most commonly radiograph and MRI. Erect radiograph of the lumbar spine outlines disc height loss, osteophyte formation and endplate sclerosis [1]. MRI identifies loss of signal intensity,...
Chronic migraine (CM), a primary headache disorder with a global prevalence of 1.4 -2.2%, predominantly affects females and is often considered to evolve from episodic migraine (EM). Among individuals with CM, those with comorbid medication-overuse headache (MOH) exhibit greater therapeutic complexity...
Older people are more susceptible to contracting and suffering from common infections, such as urinary tract infection, SAR-CoV-2 virus or pneumonia, potentially leading to critical illness with neurological consequences1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7–8. In recent decades, the deleterious contribution of peripheral...
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that afflicts 1% of the global population, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, cognitive impairment, and negative symptoms [1]. A highly heritable disorder, schizophrenia may result from deficits in brain development and maturation,...