During fetal life, the lungs receive blood supply from the segmental arteries arising from the dorsal aorta as well as from the sixth branchial arch-derived branches (future pulmonary arteries) [1]. With normally developing the central pulmonary arteries, the segmental arteries gradually regress. However,...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, and is the third leading cause of death [1]. The prevalence of COPD was reportedly 8.6% among adults aged 20 years and above, and 13.7% among adults older than 40 years in China [2]. The COPD burden in China may substantially...
Medicine and Surgery are unique artforms. We all spend time in our career development striving to flourish, not just to survive, as a measure of success. What halts our paths in this pursuit of ‘ultimate’ success, is the question we all want to answer? As a cardiothoracic society, we aim...
Recent evidence suggests that giant cell arteritis (GCA) is not solely a cranial disease but encompasses a broader and more diverse clinical spectrum than previously recognized. While GCA traditionally presents with classic cranial ischemic symptoms, it can also manifest through non-specific clinical...
Currently, heart failure (HF), especially HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), which accounts for approximately 50% of patients in the HF population, remains a major public health problem worldwide, with an unfavorable prognosis and a high prevalence among elderly individuals [1, 2]. At present,...