Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are major global health burdens that significantly contribute to mortality and economic costs [1, 2]. The risk of developing CAD is two to four times higher in individuals with T2DM compared with those without diabetes [2, 3], likely driven...
Diabetes has become a rising epidemic in the last century, with an estimated 537 million adults affected in 2021 and a projected increase to 783 million by 2045 [1, 2]. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices,...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health issue characterized by insulin resistance and a relative deficiency of insulin [1, 2]. This condition leads to hyperglycemia and various complications, such as cardiovascular disease. Among these complications, coronary heart disease (CHD) poses a critical...
Obesity, defined as an excess of body fat and commonly measured by BMI, is a prevalent condition worldwide. It is linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk, mainly due to its comorbidities, such as hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dyslipidemia [1, 2]. In this setting,...
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), high blood glucose first recognized during pregnancy, is one of the most common pregnancy complications. Its prevalence is increasing globally, affecting 14% of all pregnancies [1]. According to the Swedish Pregnancy Register, the incidence of GDM in Sweden in 2022...