Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and serious manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disorder that affects multiple organs [1]. LN is marked by immune complex deposition in the kidneys, which leads to inflammation and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) if left inadequately...
Obesity in children and adolescents is an emerging problem, including in adolescents with kidney failure [1]. Prevalences for overweight (body mass index, BMI>25 kg/m) and obesity (BMI>30 kg/m) in this group are~20% and~12%, respectively [2]. Obesity may increase the risk of complications...
Heart transplantation (HT) is the definitive therapeutic intervention for patients with end-stage heart failure [1], boasting a 1-year survival rate exceeding 85% and a median survival of 14 years [2, 3]. However, while HT aims to improve quality of life and longevity, it also carries an increased risk...
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a frequent infectious complication after kidney transplantation (KT) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality [1, 2]. Prior studies have reported that 8–60% of KT recipients experience CMV infection and disease, with the main onset occurring...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global issue in pediatric health care. Approximately 15 to 74.7 per million children are affected by (CKD) [1]. CKD can be classified into five stages based on the glomerular filtration rate [2]. In CKD V, also known as kidney failure, long-term survival requires...