
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has become a transformative technology in diabetes management. Compared with traditional monitoring methods, which rely on intermittent blood or urine sampling only offering a fragmented view of glucose dynamics, CGM continuously tracks glucose levels in the interstitial...

Propofol is the most widely used short-acting sedative in clinical practice. It inhibits histamine release in the hypothalamus by activating central gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA) receptors, blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, and modulates calcium influx to inhibit postsynaptic neuronal activity...

Tacrolimus is the cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation. However, it exhibits significant pharmacokinetic (PK) variability among patients. Therefore, Population Pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling is crucial for personalized tacrolimus treatment. While PopPK models have been...

Kidney transplantation is the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. Compared to dialysis, it offers superior survival and quality of life [1, 2–3]. Despite its advantages, the procedure is associated with surgical risks. Among them, wound complications influence graft...