Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a public health concern. There were approximately 400 million COPD patients worldwide in 2019, with 3.23 million deaths, 90% of which occurred in low- and middle-income countries [1, 2]. Moreover, with the acceleration in population aging and...
The development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is multifactorial, influenced by both genetic and environmental risk factors [1]. Smoking, the strongest risk factor for COPD, plays a key role in its onset and progression [2]. However, smoking is not the only cause of COPD, and the proportion...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally1. COPD is associated with significant morbi-mortality2,3, with avoidable hospitalizations and increased healthcare utilization4. According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), diagnosing...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a common source of morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilisation worldwide1,2. To improve patient outcomes and to address healthcare inequality in COPD, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and other organisations...
PCD and NCFB are two rare conditions affecting the respiratory system. PCD is a genetic disorder of motile cilia, primarily transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait [1]. Motile cilia are located on the apical surface of the upper and lower respiratory tract, on the ependymal cells lining the ventricles...