Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) are a group of clinical disorders characterized by the presence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and multisystem organ damage. These conditions encompass various entities, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolytic uremic syndrome...
NMOSD is a rare yet severe chronic neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by inflammation primarily impacting the optic nerves and spinal cord, resulting in significant consequences such as vision loss, as well as motor and sensory impairments [1]. Epidemiological data shows that the annual incidence...
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) (OMIM: PS209900) is a nonmotile ciliopathy disorder caused by pathogenic variants in at least 27 different genes [1, 2, 3, 4–5]. High genetic heterogeneity gives rise to a wide range of clinical manifestations (i.e., signs and symptoms) that affect different body systems....
Phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare inherited metabolic disorder, disrupts the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe). This dysfunction elevates Phe levels in the blood and brain, causing severe intellectual disabilities if dietary management during childhood is inadequate or insufficiently stringent....
Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) entails a constellation of clinical manifestations, including the proliferation of neural tissues that leads to both benign and malignant tumors. In 8%–6% of individuals with NF1, some benign neurofibromas progress to become malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs)....