
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by substantial clinical heterogeneity, posing significant challenges to clinicians in diagnosis, severity stratification, and management. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in medicine and dermatology,...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a significant global health burden, contributing to both morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chronic respiratory symptoms and reduced airflow result from prolonged exposure to harmful particles or gases, leading to abnormalities in the airways and alveoli...

Acne vulgaris, or acne, is a skin disorder that affects the pilosebaceous unit and hair follicles, most commonly appearing on the face, neck, upper chest, shoulders, and back [1, 2–3]. The formation of acne is influenced by four major factors. First, increased sebum production in the sebaceous...

Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders that can present with varied clinical manifestations, including not only susceptibility to infections but also autoimmunity, autoinflammation, allergy, bone marrow failure, and malignancy [1]. The diversity of primary clinical...

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition characterized by excessive sebum production, inflammation, and compromised skin barrier function. Effective treatments should target both lesion reduction and skin hydration while maintaining tolerability.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and...