
Melanoma, a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, poses significant challenges in treatment, especially in its metastatic stage. However, during the last decade, treatment with clinical introduction of immunomodulatory therapies has dramatically changed the outcome of melanoma patients with advanced...

Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and anti–programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, have been used to treat various types of cancers and have significantly improved patient prognosis. However, ICI monotherapy...

The exact role of nevi in the development of melanoma is not yet completely understood, and it remains unknown whether de novo and nevus-associated melanoma (NAM) constitute distinct biological entities. A few studies have documented differences in histological and clinical characteristics between de...

Nanoparticle (NPs)-based therapies have ushered in a paradigm shift in melanoma treatment, addressing key challenges in conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy, such as drug delivery, specificity, and therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights important chemotherapies, doxorubicin, paclitaxel,...