
To date, there are no standardized treatment algorithms or recommendations for patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and concomitant spondylodiscitis (SD). Therefore, our aim was to analyse whether the sequence of surgical treatment of IE and SD has an impact on postoperative outcome and to identify...

Despite advances, sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dysregulated host responses are known to characterize sepsis, and while numerous clinical trials using immunomodulatory strategies have been attempted, most fail to show benefit. An important reason for their failure...

Role of the multidisciplinary "Endocarditis Team": All patients with complicated infective endocarditis (IE) should be managed by a specialized Endocarditis Team to improve diagnosis, optimize treatment, and enhance outcomes (Figure 1). Indications for surgery: The main surgical indications for IE include...

Infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI-IE) is a rare but serious complication associated with high morbidity and mortality. Strategies for managing TAVI-IE vary significantly, with the optimal therapeutic approach remaining a subject of debate. Therefore, the aim of...

How we define sepsis has significant implications for clinical care, quality improvement, and regulatory policies. Current sepsis criteria identify heterogenous patients that vary widely in their clinical syndromes, triggering pathogens, and prognoses; one-third have viral or non-infectious processes...