The renal arteries, which frequently emerge as single vessels from the lateral side of the aorta (92%), but less commonly from the anterolateral (6%) and posterior (2%) portions, are critical in supplying blood to the kidneys. However, variations in the number and origin of these arteries are common,...
Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Statistics on 36 types of cancer across 185 countries and regions worldwide in 2022 showed that bladder cancer ranked 9th, with an incidence rate of 3.1% [1].Pathologic features and accurate staging significantly influence the prognosis...
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men worldwide, and one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death in men [1]. It is estimated that 1.2 million new cases of PCa are diagnosed every year and 350,000 die of it [2]. In the past two decades, MRI has been established...
Renal cell carcinoma ranks as the 14th most commonly diagnosed cancer globally [1, 2]. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most prevalent and aggressive subtype, accounts for approximately 80% of renal cell carcinoma cases [3]. The prognosis of ccRCC is closely linked to tumor differentiation,...