
This study aimed to establish the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) of imaging doses for image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) used in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer in Japan. A nationwide survey was conducted to gather data on image acquisition conditions, parameters, and frequencies...

The concept of sepsis was first formally introduced in 1991 [1]. According to the Sepsis-3 consensus (2016), sepsis is currently defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection [2]. Without prompt and effective treatment, the condition can rapidly lead...

The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has increased by approximately 1.4% annually over the past decade [1, 2]. The prognosis of RCC varies and is related to several factors [3, 4]. Accurate risk stratification is crucial for optimizing clinical management. Therefore, highly efficient predictive...

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital cardiac anomaly in preterm infants, with an incidence exceeding 30% in those born before 32 weeks of gestation [1]. Persistent PDA allows blood to shunt from the aorta to the pulmonary circulation, leading to pulmonary overperfusion and systemic hypoperfusion,...

Hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed major operations in gynecologic surgery, with reported overall complication rates ranging from 3% to 6% [1]. Among these complications, such as hemorrhage, infection, and bladder injury, ureteral injury and obstruction represent some of the most serious...