The modern-day double-J ureteral stent was introduced in 1978 by Finney et al. [1], and it has since become one of the most common and essential tools in urology. Despite their widespread use, ureteral stents have been associated with an array of complications, including infections, encrustations, and...
Appropriate ultrasound classification and management of cystic renal lesions remains challenging, despite advances in criteria and development of detailed recommendations. The Bosniak classification system was originally designed for CT, and was subsequently adopted for MRI and contrast-enhanced ultrasound...
For evaluation of suspected in-stent restenosis, current ESC Guidelines (Class I, Level A) recommend CT angiography as the preferred initial test for stable patients with low-to-intermediate probability of ISR, while reserving ICA for high-risk presentations [1]. While conventional invasive coronary...
Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of bladder dysfunction. In the 1980 s, Tanagho and Schmidt reported that sacral nerve root stimulation suppressed uncoordinated urinary nerve responses [1]. SNM was approved in Europe in 1994 by the U.S. Food and...