Immune checkpoint therapy has demonstrated significant potential in the treatment of various solid tumors. Among these, tumor-induced immunosuppression mediated by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) represents a critical checkpoint. PD-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have been proven...
Colorectal cancer (CRC), encompassing both colon and or rectal cancer, is a major health concern ranking as the third most commonly diagnosed and second most deadly cancer globally [1]. In 2020, CRC accounted for 9.4% of all cancer-related deaths [2]. With an increasing incidence particularly among elderly...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, ranking as the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally [1]. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental factors,...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are extensively used in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity [1]. These agents also maintain weight and cardiovascular health, along with glycemic control, to reduce long-term complications and improve the quality...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, and its incidence has been increasing year by year, posing a major threat to human health [1, 2, 3–4]. The development of CRC is often accompanied by metastasis, with the liver being the most common metastatic...