
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality rates each year [1, 2]. Its clinical characteristics mainly include locally invasive growth and distant metastasis [3]. Despite advances in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy,...

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide [1]. Globally, the burden of colorectal cancer cases has more than doubled, from 0.84 million to 2.17 million, and deaths increased from 0.51 million to 1.09 million...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in both sexes and the second leading cause of death in the United States [1]. Despite new advances in the treatment of CRC, the prognosis of metastatic CRC (mCRC) remains poor, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 14% [2]. Despite...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second leading cause of cancer death in the world [1]. As a heterogeneous disease, one of the major carcinogenetic pathways of CRC is microsatellite instability (MSI) [2]. MSI CRC is a subtype of cancer that is characterised by the presence of a defective DNA mismatch...