
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has brought unprecedented challenges to global healthcare systems and social structures [1]. Although the development and distribution of vaccines have provided a glimmer of light at the end of the tunnel, the full comprehension of the determinants...

Epitope mimicry is suggested as a mechanism to trigger autoimmune responses. These autoimmune responses could be associated with microbial infections and vaccinations [1]. Autoimmune responses could be deemed significant implications for the safety of vaccine candidates, which is considered one of the...

The malaria parasite caused by Plasmodium falciparum continues to pose a huge public health challenge in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world [1], and morbidity and mortality resulting from falciparum species represent the highest of all the Plasmodium species (World Health...

SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant distractions in ordinary life, public health, and the global economy [1, 2]. Vaccination is the only approach to combating future global pandemics. It is one of the most significant methods to prevent and control SARS-CoV-2 infection, its spread, and transmission [3]...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the causal agent for hepatic inflammation and if not diagnosed in a timely manner and then later managed, is likely to advance to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer [1]. In Africa, the prevalence of chronic HBV infection stands at 6.1% [2] in the general population but varies...