
The healthcare sector is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for more than 4% of total emissions and up to 10% in some high-income countries [1, 2]. In the Netherlands, pharmaceuticals and chemical products are the leading sources of healthcare-related environmental impacts,...

The increasing age, prolonged dialysis duration, and increasing comorbidity burden among maintenance hemodialysis populations—particularly those returning to dialysis after kidney graft failure—have significantly exacerbated the challenges of establishing reliable vascular access [1]. Clinicians...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible condition that ultimately leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal replacement therapy (RRT), in the form of chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation, is essential for sustaining life in individuals with ESRD. However, due to the...

Hyperkalemia, generally defined as a serum potassium (K) concentration of > 5.0 mmol/L, is a common electrolyte disturbance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) [1], particularly in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving maintenance hemodialysis [2]. The development of HK in MHD...

Observational studies that have directly assessed the effectiveness of vaccination among patients undergoing dialysis or those with chronic kidney disease shall be included. Both published and unpublished studies in either in English or French will be included....