
In recent years, global shifts in economic, environmental, and dietary factors have driven a steady rise in the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), now approaching 10% worldwide. [1] CKD progresses over time, causing irreversible damage to renal units through mechanisms such as renal interstitial...

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a systemic disease characterized by widespread, progressive fibrosis of the skin and connective tissue. Its primary manifestations include skin sclerosis and joint contractures. In severe cases, patients may experience difficulty ambulating and/or joint restriction....

The healthcare sector is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for more than 4% of total emissions and up to 10% in some high-income countries [1, 2]. In the Netherlands, pharmaceuticals and chemical products are the leading sources of healthcare-related environmental impacts,...

The increasing age, prolonged dialysis duration, and increasing comorbidity burden among maintenance hemodialysis populations—particularly those returning to dialysis after kidney graft failure—have significantly exacerbated the challenges of establishing reliable vascular access [1]. Clinicians...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible condition that ultimately leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal replacement therapy (RRT), in the form of chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation, is essential for sustaining life in individuals with ESRD. However, due to the...