
Haemodialysis (HD) is the most common kidney replacement therapy for people with kidney failure. Clinical goals for people with kidney failure focus on improving quality of life; and routine laboratory testing of haematological and biochemical parameters has become integrated into those receiving HD...

Hemodialysis (HD) catheters are used for vascular access not only in acute HD patients but also in maintenance HD patients who cannot use arteriovenous fistulas or grafts [1]. HD catheters are usually placed in central veins, such as the internal jugular vein, subclavian vein, or femoral vein. Femoral...

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) has become a major global public health concern, with a prevalence of approximately 10%-13% and a mortality rate as high as 30% [1]. Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is one of the primary alternative therapies for ESRD patients. According to recent estimates, approximately...

The number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Taiwan continues to rise steadily, and hemodialysis is the primary treatment for these patients. More than 50% of patients on hemodialysis are over 65 years of age, indicative of an aging patient population. Changes in lifestyle, dietary habits,...