Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessively inherited disorders characterized by various pathological gene variations on zone-specific enzymes that modulate steroid biosynthesis in the adrenal gland. The disorder manifests itself in a wide spectrum of clinical and biochemical...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the most common adrenal insufficiency in childhood, is caused by genetic variations affecting the enzymes involved in cortisol biosynthesis and is an autosomal recessive disorder [1]. The most common variant of CAH, 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD), accounts for...
Hypertension is common, affecting around 30% of adults globally, including in Aotearoa/New Zealand (AoNZ). Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal disease. The most common endocrine cause of secondary hypertension is primary aldosteronism (PA),...
Distant recurrence of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer without local progression is rare. Diagnosis of this condition may be difficult when other tumor origins are clinically suspected or when the interval to recurrence is long. Although evaluation of the urinary tract is mainly recommended for...
Pheochromocytoma and extra‐adrenal paragangliomas are catecholamine secreting neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla or sympathetic‐parasympathetic ganglia. These tumors are increasingly detected nowadays because of improved imaging techniques and biochemical...