Tuberculosis (TB) is a prevalent and curable disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) which affects more than 10 million people per year [1]. Eradication of MTB requires tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mediated activation of effector T cells which release...
Biological agents, especially tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) blocking agents, have radically changed the therapeutic approach and disease courses, and nowadays they are used in various inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases [1, 2]. Biologic agents inhibit specific components of the immune...
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern, particularly in resource-limited settings and among populations with compromised immune systems, such as those living with HIV/AIDS. Children living with HIV (CLHIV) are at an increased risk of developing TB, with a higher likelihood of disseminated...
We read with great interest the remarkable paper by Zhao et al. [1], titled “Analysis of clinical characteristics of different types of lung function impairment in TDL patients” which aimed to compare the severity of various lung function patterns (LFPs), such as restrictive and obstructive...