
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), exhibits a wide clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe disease requiring intensive care unit admission. Although the respiratory system is the primary site...

Measurement of serum creatinine is a very common test in routine clinical care, and the interpretation of an abnormal result is significantly enhanced if there is an earlier result in the same patient to compare it to (ideally within the previous 12months). In the absence of a contemporary result for...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by a progressive decline in kidney function, represents a major global public health challenge, with a reported prevalence of approximately 9.1% that continues to rise [1, 2–3]. In postmenopausal women, the risk of CKD is further heightened by a sharp...

Health-related Quality-of-life (HRQOL), a multidimensional concept, is an important clinical and economic outcome for patients, health care providers, researchers and payers. [1, 2] Patients with late-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), comorbidities and treatments such as dialysis experience significant...