
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) is a major reason for acute kidney injury (AKI) that occurs due to renal transplantation, trauma, sepsis, and some vascular surgery [1]. Although various studies have been performed to understand the causes and molecular mechanisms of renal I/RI, it remains a...

The development of innovative and effective treatments remains a priority [1, 2], especially for chronic and progressive diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality despite current therapies [3, 4, 5–6]. Demonstrating the definitive benefit of new interventions on patient-relevant final...

Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as the definitive and preferred modality for hepatic replacement in end-stage liver disease patients [1]. Despite the escalating success rates of the procedure due to medical technological innovations, the postoperative outcomes, both in the short and long term,...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important health problem with an increasing incidence [1]. The etiology should be defined and relevant treatment should be started swiftly [2]. Etiologies of AKI may be different for hospital-acquired (HA) and community-acquired (CA) AKIs. Infections, volume loss, glomerular...