
Sepsis and septic shock have long been recognized as major contributors to the development of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in critically ill patients [1, 2]. The presence of comorbid AKI further increases the risk of sepsis and septic shock [3], highlighting the interdependent relationship between these...

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) is a major reason for acute kidney injury (AKI) that occurs due to renal transplantation, trauma, sepsis, and some vascular surgery [1]. Although various studies have been performed to understand the causes and molecular mechanisms of renal I/RI, it remains a...

The development of innovative and effective treatments remains a priority [1, 2], especially for chronic and progressive diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality despite current therapies [3, 4, 5–6]. Demonstrating the definitive benefit of new interventions on patient-relevant final...

Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as the definitive and preferred modality for hepatic replacement in end-stage liver disease patients [1]. Despite the escalating success rates of the procedure due to medical technological innovations, the postoperative outcomes, both in the short and long term,...