Osteoporosis is a significant global public health issue, alongside heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, due to its association with increased mortality and morbidity among worldwide [1, 2–3]. Pathologically, osteoporosis is defined as slow bone mass loss and micro-architectural deterioration,...
Osteoporosis is a non-communicable bone disease characterised by loss of bone mass and increased risk of fracture affecting one in three women and one in five men over the age of 50, worldwide [1]. Osteoporosis results in bone fractures at low impact which can cause substantial pain and disability. It...
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and damage to the bone microstructure, resulting in continuous bone loss and increased bone fragility, as well as susceptibility to fragile fracture [1]. Osteoporosis is called a silent epidemic for it usually goes undiagnosed...
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is one of the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis [1]. Glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs used in rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjogren syndrome, and inflammatory...