The use of antifibrotic medications improve transplantation-free survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [1]. Owing to prolonged survival, comorbidities have become a source of concern for IPF patients. Among these comorbidities, lung cancer is a common potentially fatal comorbidity...
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis, are a heterogeneous group of parenchymal pulmonary disorders [1, 2]. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) exhibit progressive fibrosis, which leads to a decline in...
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) represents a type of interstitial lung disease characterized by the irreversible degradation of alveolar architecture and the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix resulting in impaired gas exchange and respiratory failure [1, 2–3]. Unfortunately, the two FDA-approved...
The clinical presentation of the inflammatory systemic disease sarcoidosis is variable. Virtually any organ can be affected, but the lungs and/or intrathoracic lymph nodes are engaged in most cases. Patients with Löfgren’s syndrome (LS) experience an acute and often self-limiting disease,...